儒琴今日英语单词选自日常用语，欧美报刊文章, 以及英语原文小说。每天坚持学习今日英语单词，有助于阅读和理解当今欧美主流媒体的新闻时事报道和英语文学作品；增强日常英语交流能力。
儒琴今日英语单词 Word of the Day
fungicide
noun [ C or U ]/ˈfʌn.dʒɪ.saɪd/ /ˈfʌŋ.ɡə.saɪd/
a chemical substance used to kill fungus or prevent it from growing
杀真菌剂
Fungicides are biocidal chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores. A fungistatic inhibits their growth. Fungi can cause serious damage in agriculture, resulting in critical losses of yield, quality, and profit. Fungicides are used both in agriculture and to fight fungal infections in animals. Chemicals used to control oomycetes, which are not fungi, are also referred to as fungicides, as oomycetes use the same mechanisms as fungi to infect plants.
mildew
noun [ U ]/ˈmɪl.duː/
downy mildew 霜霉（病) / powdery mildew 白粉病
a black, green, or whitish area caused by a fungus that grows on things such as plants, paper, cloth, or buildings, usually if the conditions are warm and wet
霉；霉菌
Mildew is a form of fungus. It is distinguished from its closely related counterpart, mold, largely by its color: moulds appear in shades of black, blue, red, and green, whereas mildew is white. It appears as a thin, superficial growth consisting of minute hyphae produced especially on living plants or organic matter such as wood, paper or leather. Both mould and mildew produce distinct offensive odors, and both have been identified as the cause of certain human ailments.
Oomycetes
卵菌纲
Oomycetes are a subclass of parasitic of saprophytic fungi (class Phycomycetes) that includes water molds, white rusts, and downy mildews and that is distinguished from the Zygomycetes by having the gametangia usually differentiated into antheridia and oogonia and by producing oospores as a result of the sexual process.
sulphate
noun [ C or U ]
mainly UK (US usually sulfate)/ˈsʌl.feɪt/
a chemical formed from sulphur, oxygen, and another element
硫酸盐；硫酸酯
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO²⁻₄. Sulfate is the spelling recommended by IUPAC, but sulphate is used in British English. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry.
Bordeaux mixture
[Bordeaux mixture]NOUN
a fungicide for vines, fruit trees, and other plants, composed of equal quantities of copper sulfate and calcium oxide in water.
波尔多液
Bordeaux mixture (also called Bordo Mix) is a mixture of copper(II) sulphate (CuSO₄) and slaked lime (Ca(OH)₂) used as a fungicide. It is used in vineyards, fruit-farms and gardens to prevent infestations of downy mildew, powdery mildew and other fungi. It is sprayed on plants as a preventive treatment; its mode of action is ineffective after a fungus has become established. It was invented in the Bordeaux region of France in the late 19th century. If it is applied in large quantities annually for many years, the copper in the mixture eventually becomes a pollutant.
Nitrogenous Fertilizers
/naɪˈtrɑː.dʒə.nəs/
nitrogen
noun/ˈnaɪ.trə.dʒən/
氮肥
Nitrogenous Fertilizers are mineral and organic substances used as a source of nitrogen nutrition for plants. They are divided into organic fertilizers (manure, peat, compost) containing other nutrients besides nitrogen; manufactured mineral fertilizers; and green fertilizers (lupine, serradella).
phosphate fertilizer
/ˈfɑːs.feɪt/
phosphorus
noun [ U ]/ˈfɑːs.fɚ.əs/
磷肥
Phosphate fertilizer is a fertilizer that is high in phosphorous. Most phosphate fertilizer comes from phosphate rock, a mineral mined in massive quantities of millions of tons from locations around the world. This mineral provides one of the three main nutrients needed by all plants for vigorous growth
Potassium fertilizer / potash fertilizer
/pəˈtæs.i.əm/ /ˈpɑːt.æʃ/
钾肥
Potassium fertilizer is sometimes called potash fertilizer. This is because potassium fertilizers often contain a substance called potash. Potash is a naturally occurring substance that occurs when wood is burned away or can be found in mines and the ocean.
ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer
聚磷酸铵肥料；聚磷酸铵,又称多聚磷酸铵或缩聚磷酸铵，简称APP，是一种含氮、磷的聚磷酸盐，按其聚合度大小，可分为低聚、中聚、高聚3种
The versatile Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) liquid fertilizer market will expand almost 3% in the 2015/2016 growing season. The APP nutrient blend is produced by reacting ammonia, super phosphoric acid (SPA) and water to create a product with a grade usually of 10-34-0 or 11-37-0.
sulphur
noun [ U ]mainly UK (US usually sulfur)/ˈsʌl.fɚ/
a pale yellow chemical element that exists in various physical forms. It burns with a blue flame and a strong smell and is used in medicine and industry.
硫，硫磺
Sulfur is a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic number 16. It is abundant, multivalent, and nonmetallic. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with a chemical formula S₈. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow, crystalline solid at room temperature.
propane
noun [ U ]/ˈproʊ.peɪn/
a gas used as fuel, especially for cooking and heating
丙烷（气）
Propane is a three-carbon alkane with the molecular formula C₃H₈. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure, but compressible to a transportable liquid. A by-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining, it is commonly used as a fuel.
asphalt
noun [ U ]/ˈæs.fɑːlt/
a black, sticky substance, often mixed with small stones or sand, that forms a strong surface when it becomes hard
沥青；柏油
Asphalt, also known as bitumen (UK:, US:), is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or may be a refined product, and is classed as a pitch. Before the 20th century, the term asphaltum was also used.
under-resourced
[ˌəndə(r)ˈrēˌsôrst, -riˈsôrst]ADJECTIVE
provided with insufficient resources. 资源不足
Chi(na) has been widely criticized for its initial handling of the outbreak. Authorities were accused of trying to silence doctors, and residents complained of overcrowded and under-resourced hospitals.
There are now tens of thousands of confirmed cases of the new coronavirus globally and more than 2,000 deaths — most of them in mainland Chi(na).
berate
verb [ T ] formal /bɪˈreɪt/
to criticize or speak in an angry manner to someone
斥责, 严责，训斥
As he left the meeting, he was berated by angry demonstrators. 他离开会场时遭到了愤怒的示威者责骂。
Doctors are often berated for being poor communicators, particularly when they have to give patients bad news. 医生常常因不善于沟通遭受指责，特别是当他们必须告诉病人坏消息的时候。(Cambridge)
Trump complained “that Democrats would use it against him” and led him to “berate Joseph Maguire, the outgoing acting director of national intelligence, for allowing it to take place.”
desperate
needing or wanting something very much
非常需要的；非常想要的
They are desperate for help. 他们非常需要帮助。
UK humorous I’m desperate for a drink! 我特别想喝一杯！
[ + to infinitive ] UK humorous He was desperate to tell someone his good news. 他很想把自己的好消息告诉别人。（Cambridge）
Said Mulvaney: “We are desperate — desperate — for more people. We are running out of people to fuel the economic growth that we’ve had in our nation over the last four years. We need more immigrants.”
