今日英语俚语:basket case

语言学家对俚语没有简单明确的定义,但他们一致认为,俚语是一种不断变化的语言现象,存在于世界各地的亚文化中。俚语是一种非正式的词汇(单词、短语和语言用法),常见于口头交谈,但在正式写作中避免使用。因为俚语并不总是从字面意义上讲得通,所以您需要熟悉每个俚语的意思和用法。英语俚语是日常英语的重要组成部分。

儒琴今日英语俚语 (English Slang of the Day)

basket case

英文解释
1) informal a person who is functionally incapacitated from extreme nervousness, emotional distress, mental or physical overwork, etc.;a person who is helpless or incapable of functioning normally, esp. due to overwhelming stress, anxiety, or the like.

2)informal something (such as a business or government) that is dysfunctional, run-down, or close to failure;someone or something that is incapable of functioning normally

3)offensive, mainly US and Canadian
a person who has had both arms and both legs amputated

中文解释
俚语 basket case 有三层意思:
1) 表示某人极度紧张(或焦虑)的人;精神濒于崩溃;束手无策 ; 绝望
2)(如企业或政府)不能正常运作,国家(或公司)财政拮据;国家穷;企业快倒闭等等;
3)截去双臂和双腿的人(绝望的病人)。

第三个意思(截去双臂和双腿的人)来自basket case最初的意思。最初是指美国在第一次大战中失去双臂和双腿,必须由别人把他放在一只篮子里抬着的士兵。但是美国军队否认存在发生这样的事情。美国公共信息司令部于1919年3月以美国陆军医务部部长M. W. Ireland名义发表了以下公告:

“The Surgeon General of the Army … denies … that there is any foundation for the stories that have been circulated … of the existence of ‘basket cases’ in our hospitals.” (陆军医务部部长……否认……那些流传的故事是有根据的……在我们的医院里存在的”截去双臂和双腿放在篮子里抬的士兵”(basket case)。

在第二次世界大战,美国军方,同样来自卫陆军医务部部长否认。1944年5月,在《美国陆军周刊》上,当时的陆军医务部部长卫诺曼·t·柯克少将说:

“… there is nothing to rumors of so-called ‘basket cases’ – cases of men with both legs and both arms amputated.“(…那些所谓basket cases’的人,就是双腿和双臂都被截肢的人,这跟那些传言毫无关系。”

显然,考虑到两场战争的伤亡规模,肯定有多处截肢的案例。美国陆军医务部部长用什么词来形容这些没有记录,显然不是“basket case”。(phrases.org.uk)

原文举例
The US: the world’s most powerful basket case. After centuries of unrivalled dominance, the Roman empire collapsed in a heap, its social, political and economic institutions weakened by decades of elite debauchery and imperial overreach. As the US struggles to deal with the effects of the novel coronavirus, it’s hard not to think that we’re seeing the end of its imperial dominance.
美国:世界上最强大的陷入困境的国家。在经历了几个世纪无可匹敌的统治之后,罗马帝国崩溃了,其社会、政治和经济机构被精英们几十年的放荡和帝国的过度扩张削弱了。在美国努力应对新型冠状病毒的影响之际,我们很难不认为我们正在看到其帝国统治的终结。

New York Daily News Calls Donald Trump A ‘Basket Case’ Over Easter Coronavirus Plan. Over Easter Coronavirus Plan. President Donald Trump’s hope for the U.S. to ease restrictions combatting the spread of coronavirus by Easter in a bid to boost the economy got the treatment from the New York Daily News.
《纽约每日新闻》称唐纳德·特朗普对复活节冠状病毒计划“束手无策”。美国总统唐纳德·特朗普希望美国在复活节前放松抗击冠状病毒传播的限制,以提振经济,这一希望得到了《纽约每日新闻》的回应。

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