儒琴英语文学词汇咀嚼《德伯家的苔丝》(Tess of the Durbervilles)一书的用词。 《苔丝》以哈代的威塞克斯为背景，是一部关于虚伪和双重标准的感人小说。托马斯·哈代（Thomas Hardy，1840—1928）, 英国诗人、小说家。他是横跨两个世纪的作家，早期和中期的创作以小说为主，继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统；晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学。
英语文学词汇 Literature Terms
flummery /ˈflʌm.ɚ.i/
noun: mummery, mumbo jumbo; meaningless or deceptive language; humbug.
装腔作势，无意义的活动; 骗性的语言; 虚夸恭维
But her father, who is quite as opposed to such flummery as I, says that can be cured. It is a mere girlish outbreak which, I am sure , will not be permanent.
但是她的父亲和我一样反对这种空洞的言行，他说这种病是可以治好的。这不过这是女孩子的一种冲动，我相信这种冲动不会永远持续下去。（第26章）
unflinchingly /ʌnˈflɪn.tʃɪŋ.li/
adv: not flinching or shrinking; Showing neither fear nor indecision; resolute.
不妥协地; 不畏缩地；直言无讳
“She is not what in common parlance is called a lady,” said Angel, unflinchingly, ” for she is a cottage’s girl daughter, as I am proud to say. But she is a lady, nevertheless, in feeling and nature.”
“她不是平常所说的小姐，”安琪尔毫不隐讳地说，“因为我可以自豪地说，她是一个乡下村里人的女儿。不过，就感情感情和性格而言，她称得上是个小姐。” （第26章）
profession /prəˈfeʃ.ən/
noun: a statement about what someone feels, believes
表示，表白
It was for herself that he loved Tess; her soul, her heart, her substance — not for her skill in the dairy, her aptness as his scholar, and certainly not for her simple formal faith-professions.
他爱苔丝是因为爱她这个人本身， 她的灵魂，她的心灵，她的食指——不是因为她在奶牛场里的技能，不是因为她做他学生的才能，更不是有关信仰问题的那种简单肤浅表白。（第26章）
pernicious /pɚˈnɪʃ.əs/
adj: highly injurious or destructive ; tending to cause death or serious injury; deadly
有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的
“Pernicious!” said Mr Clare, with genial scorn; and he proceeded to recount experiences which would show the absurdity of that idea.
“有害!”克莱尔先生带有温和的轻蔑口吻说道。接着他开始讲述自己的经历，证明这种想法是荒谬的。（第26章）
spurious /ˈspjʊr.i.əs/
adj: of falsified or erroneously attributed origin；lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not genuine:
虚假的，欺骗性的；（原因、判断）谬误的；
This seems to be a new family which has taken the name; for the credit of the former knightly line I hope they are spurious, I’m sure.
这似乎是一个取了这个名字的新家族;为了从前骑士家族的荣誉，我希望他们是冒牌的，我敢肯定。（第26章）
gratuitous /ɡrəˈtuː.ə.t̬əs/
adj: not necessary, appropriate, or justified; without cause; unjustified; uncalled for, done without good reason
不合理的; 不必要的、不适当的; 没有充分的理由
“Dear father,” he said sadly, ” I wish you would not expose yourself to such gratuitous pain from scoundrels!”
“亲爱的父亲，”他悲伤地说，“但愿你不要招惹这类无赖，让自己遭受这种无端的痛苦!” （第26章）
sanguine /ˈsæŋ.ɡwɪn/
adj: marked by eager hopefulness : confidently optimistic
充满信心的; 乐观的
Now, as always, Clare’s father was sanguine as a child; and though the younger could not accept his parent’s narrow dogma he revered his practice,
现在的克莱尔的父亲和他经常一样，像孩子一般，认为什么事情都有希望。他的儿子虽然不能接他那种狭隘的教条，却不能不敬仰他那种力行的精神。（第26章）
