儒琴英语文学词汇咀嚼《德伯家的苔丝》(Tess of the Durbervilles)一书的用词。 《苔丝》以哈代的威塞克斯为背景，是一部关于虚伪和双重标准的感人小说。托马斯·哈代（Thomas Hardy，1840—1928）, 英国诗人、小说家。他是横跨两个世纪的作家，早期和中期的创作以小说为主，继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统；晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学。
英语文学词汇 Literature Terms
heterodoxy /ˈhetərədɒksɪ/
noun: Not in agreement with accepted beliefs; holding unorthodox opinions.
（信仰、想法或活动）非正统，异端
Despite of his heterodoxy, faults, and weaknesses, Clare was a man with a conscience.
尽管克莱尔不管世俗，有缺点和弱点，但他是一个有良心的人。（第25章）
vouchsafe /ˌvaʊtʃˈseɪf/
verb: to grant or furnish often in a gracious or condescending manner
给予; 告知；提供
This consciousness upon which he had intruded was the single opportunity of existence ever vouchsafed to Tess by an unsympathetic first cause, her all.
他闯入了与苔丝的感情世界，同时他也意识到，苔丝的生命也是上帝赐予的，是苔丝唯一的生存机会。（第25章）
phlegm /flem/
noun: apathetic coldness or indifference；calmness; composure;
冷静，沉着，镇定; 冷漠
“He’s getting on towards the end of his time with me,” added the dairyman, with a phlegm which unconsciously was brutal;
“他跟我在我这里做学徒的期限快满了，”奶牛场老板接着说，他的脸上带着一种冷漠，但是他不知道这种冷漠却显得很残忍;（第25章）
untrammelled /ʌnˈtræm.əld/
adj: not limited by rules or any other controlling influence
不受限制的；自由自在的
Latterly, he had seen only life, felt only the great passionate pulse of existence, unwarped, uncontorted, untrammelled by those creeds which futilely attempt to check what wisdom would be content to regulate.
近来，他看到了真真的生活 – 激情脉搏跳动的生活，这是一种不受任何信条压抑、扭曲和拘束的生活。那些徒劳无益的信条试图卡住生活，不让它搏动着，而智慧则主张只需加以节制就行。（第25章）
prig /prɪɡ/
noun：a person who is smugly self-righteous and narrow-minded
一本正经的人；自命清高的人；一个自鸣得意、自以为是、心胸狭窄的人
A prig would have said that he had lost culture, and a prude that he had become coarse. Such was the contagion of domiciliary fellowship with the Talbothays nymphs and swains.
一个学究气的人看到他，一定会说他失去了文化修养，一个过分拘谨的人看到他，一定会说他变得粗俗了。这就是因为他和塔尔波斯的那些大自然的儿女们共同生活，受到他们的感染。（第25章）
