儒琴英语文学词汇咀嚼《德伯家的苔丝》(Tess of the Durbervilles)一书的用词。 《苔丝》以哈代的威塞克斯为背景，是一部关于虚伪和双重标准的感人小说。托马斯·哈代（Thomas Hardy，1840—1928）, 英国诗人、小说家。他是横跨两个世纪的作家，早期和中期的创作以小说为主，继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统；晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学。
英语文学词汇 Literature Terms
mantle /ˈmæn.t̬əl/
verb & noun: to cover with something that acts like a mantle; cover, envelop, or conceal
覆盖， 包裹，隐藏
The atmosphere beneath is languorous, and is so tinged with azure that what artists call the middle distance partakes also of that hue, while the horizon beyond is of the deepest ultramarine. Arable lands are few and limited; with but slight exceptions the prospect is a broad rich mass of grass and trees, mantling minor hills and dales within the major. Such is the Vale of Blackmoor.
山下面的空气是慵懒的，并渲染上了一层蔚蓝色，这就是艺术家们所说的中景也带上了这种色调，而远处的地平线则是最深的蔚蓝色。虽然这儿耕地少，面积也不大而，但是一眼望去是一片广阔富饶的草地和树木，覆盖着大山中的小山丘和山谷。这就是黑荒原谷。(第二章）
metamorphose /ˌmet̬.əˈmɔːr.foʊz/
verb: to change into a wholly different form or appearance; transform
彻底改变，脱胎换骨
The forests have departed, but some old customs of their shades remain. Many however linger only in a metamorphosed or a disguised form.
森林已经不存在了，但其中一些古老习俗却保留了下来。然而，许多旧风以一种变换或隐秘的的形式延续下来的。(第二章）
singularity /ˌsɪŋ.ɡjəˈler.ə.t̬i/
noun: The quality or condition of being singular; a trait marking one as distinct from others; a peculiarity.
独特性，特征，寻常的或不寻常的事物
It was an interesting event to the younger inhabitants of Marlott, though its real interest was not observed by the participators in the ceremony. Its singularity lay less in the retention of a custom of walking in procession and dancing on each anniversary than in the members being solely women.
马洛特村的年轻居民来都这是一件有趣的事情，但是这些参与其中的人们并没有了解游行的真正意义。它的独特之处不在于它保留了每年举行周年游行跳舞的习俗，而在于它的成员全是妇女。（第二章）
cadaverous /kəˈdæv.ər.əs/
adj: Suggestive of death; corpselike；corpselike pallor; pallid; Emaciated;
憔悴的，死尸般的；惨白的,苍白的；形容枯槁的
Some approached pure blanching; some had a bluish pallor; some worn by the older characters ( which had possibly lain by folded for many a year) inclined to a cadaverous tint, and to a Georgian style.
有些接近纯白色；有些白色泛着淡蓝；有些年岁较长妇女穿着带有憔悴的颜色（也许折叠放了很多年），并且是乔治时代的款式。（第二章）
grotesque /ɡroʊˈtesk/
adj: Characterized by ludicrous, repulsive, or incongruous distortion, as of appearance or manner
怪诞的，荒谬的；奇形怪状的；丑陋的；令人厌恶的，不协调
There were a few middle-aged and even elderly women in the train, their silver wiry hair and wrinkled faces, scourged by time and trouble, having almost a grotesque, certainly a pathetic, appearance in such a jaunty situation.
队伍里有几位中年，甚至上了年纪的妇女，她们一头白发，满脸皱纹，个个饱经风霜，夹在在这样一个兴高采烈的队伍里，显得即怪诞又可怜。（第二章）
brawny ˈbrɑː.ni/
adj: physically strong and with big muscles; Strong and muscular
强壮的，肌肉发达的
As she looked round Durbeyfield was seen moving along the road in a chaise belong to The Pure Drop, driven by a frizzle-headed brawny damsel with her gown-sleeves rolled above her elbows.
她回头一看，只见德北菲尔德正坐在醇沥酒店的一辆马车上，沿着大路走过来。赶车的是一个头发鬈曲、身体结实的姑娘，她两只袖子挽在胳膊肘上。（第二章）
titter /ˈtɪt̬.ɚ/
verb: to laugh in a restrained, nervous way; giggle; snicker
以紧张、做作或部分克制的方式笑: 咯咯笑、窃笑; 傻笑; 窃窃私语; 吃吃地笑
The clubbists tittered, except the girl called Tess — in whom a slow heat seemed to rise at the sense that her father was making himself foolish in their eyes.
乡社的女人在窃笑，只有那个叫苔丝的姑娘例外——她一意识到她父亲她们面前出了洋相，心里有一股燥热暖暖升起。（第二章）
untinctured (ʌnˈtɪŋktʃəd)
adj: unaffected; untouched; untinged
不受影响; 没有被触摸过的;未着色的；不世故的
Tess Durbeyfield at this time of her life was a mere a vessel of motion untinctured by experience.
苔丝·德北菲尔德在她这个年龄段，还只是一个不谙世故的纯情姑娘。（第二章）
