儒琴英语文学词汇咀嚼《德伯家的苔丝》(Tess of the Durbervilles)一书的用词。 《苔丝》以哈代的威塞克斯为背景，是一部关于虚伪和双重标准的感人小说。托马斯·哈代（Thomas Hardy，1840—1928）, 英国诗人、小说家。他是横跨两个世纪的作家，早期和中期的创作以小说为主，继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统；晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学。
英语文学词汇 Literature Terms
peremptorily /pəˈremp.trə.li/
adv： Subject to no further debate or dispute； Not allowing contradiction or refusal
不容置辩地；专横地，霸道地
“Why has this been sent to my house?” he asked peremptorily, holding up the volume.
“It was ordered, sir.”
“Not by me, or any one belonging to me, I am happy to say.”
“为什么把本书送到我家?”他举起那本书不容分说地问道。
“这是订购的，先生。”
“不是我订购的，也不是我家人订购的，幸好我可以说。” （第十八章）
untenable /ʌnˈten.ə.bəl/
adj: Not capable of being maintained or defended
（理论或论点）难以捍卫的，站不住脚的
There is no institution for whose history I have a deeper admiration; but I cannot honestly be ordained her minister, as my brothers are, while she refuses to liberate her mind from an untenable redemptive theolatry.
我最尊重这个几个的历史。但是，如果它拒绝从一种站不住脚的救赎神学中解放出来，我实在不能像我的哥哥们那样，被任命为她的牧师。（第十八章）
stultify /ˈstʌltɪˌfaɪ/
verb: to cause to appear or be stupid, foolish, or absurdly illogical
使显得愚笨; 使迟钝; 使厌烦; 使呆滞
It had never occurred to the straightforward and simple-minded Vicar that one of his own flesh and blood could come to this! He was stultified, shocked, paralyzed.
这位直率、头脑简单的牧师从来没有想到自己的亲骨肉竟会会变成这个样子! 他当时一听，一下愣住了，惊呆了、气馁了。（第十八章）
stint /stɪnt/
verb: to be frugal or economical in providing something
限量提供；吝惜；节省
“What is the good of your mother and me economizing and stinting ourselves to give you a University education, if it is not to be used for the honour and glory of God? his father repeated.
“你母亲和我省吃俭用地供你上大学，如果不是为了荣耀上帝，有什么用呢?父亲重复道。（第十八章）
desultory /ˈdes.əl.tɔːr.i/
adj: marked by lack of definite plan, regularity, or purpose
漫无目的的，随意的；无计划的
He spent years and years in desultory studies, undertakings, and meditations; he began to evince considerable indifference to social forms and observances.
他花费了很多年，做了杂乱无章的学习，纷乱的事情和凌乱的思索。他开始对社会形态和社会舆论表现出相当的漠不关心的态度。（第十八章）
hobnob /ˈhɑːb.nɑːb/
verb: associate familiarly
亲近，厮混; （亲切随便地）交谈
At first, it is true, when Clare’s intelligence was fresh from a contrasting society, these friends with whom he now hobnobbed seemed a little strange.
的确，起初，克莱尔的思想意识确实离开一个和这里截然不同的社会，因此他跟农民们现在交往的时候，总觉的他们有点奇怪。（第十八章）
