What is Herpes Zoster? 什么是带状疱疹？
About 1 out of every 3 people in the United States will develop shingles (带状疱疹）, also known as herpes zoster （带状疱疹 [ˌhɜːrpiːz ˈzɑːstər]）, in their lifetime. An estimated 1 million people get shingles each year in this country. If you’ve ever had chickenpox （水痘）, you can get shingles. Even children can get shingles. Your risk of shingles increases as you get older. （ from cdc.gov）
在美国，大约三分之一的人会在一生中患上带状疱疹。据估计，这个国家每年有100万人感染带状疱疹。如果你曾经患过水痘，你可能会得带状疱疹。甚至儿童也会得带状疱疹。随着年龄的增长，患带状疱疹的风险也在增加。
Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) （水痘带状疱疹病毒）, the same virus that causes varicella ( 水痘chickenpox).
带状疱疹，也被称为带状疱疹，是由水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV)的再激活引起的，这种病毒与水痘(水痘)相同。
Primary infection with VZV causes varicella （水痘）. After a person has varicella, the virus remains latent in the dorsal root ganglia （背根神经节）. VZV can reactivate later in a person’s life and cause herpes zoster, a painful maculopapular （斑疹） and then vesicular rash （水疱疹）.原发感染VZV可引起水痘。人患水痘后，病毒潜伏在背根神经节。VZV可以在人的生命后期重新激活并引起带状疱疹，一种疼痛的斑疹，然后是水疱疹。（from cdc.gov）
What are the symptoms of Herpes Zoster？带状疱疹的症状是什么?
Shingles symptoms usually affect only a small section on one side of your body. These symptoms may include:
带状疱疹症状通常只影响身体一侧的一小部分。这些症状可能包括:
Pain, burning or tingling 疼痛、灼烧或刺痛
Sensitivity to touch 触觉敏感性
A red rash that begins a few days after the pain 疼痛后几天开始出现红色皮疹
Fluid-filled blisters that break open and crust over 满液体的水泡破裂并结痂
Itching 瘙痒
Some people also experience:
有些人还会经历:
Fever 发烧
Headache 头疼
Sensitivity to light 对光的敏感
Fatigue 乏力
Pain is usually the first symptom of shingles. For some people, the pain can be intense. Depending on the location of the pain, it can sometimes be mistaken for problems with the heart, lungs or kidneys. Some people experience shingles pain without ever developing the rash （皮疹）.疼痛通常是带状疱疹的第一症状。对一些人来说，这种疼痛可能非常剧烈。根据疼痛的部位不同，有时会被误认为是心脏、肺或肾脏的问题。有些人经历过带状疱疹疼痛，但从未出现皮疹。
Most commonly, the shingles rash（带状疱疹皮疹）develops as a stripe of blisters （水泡）that wraps around either the left or right side of the torso （躯干）. Sometimes the shingles rash occurs around one eye or on one side of the neck or face. （from mayoclinic.org）
最常见的是，带状疱疹皮疹发展为带状水泡，包裹在躯干的左侧或右侧。有时带状疱疹皮疹出现在一只眼睛周围，或出现在颈部或面部的一侧。
How is shingles treated? 带状疱疹如何治疗?
There is no cure for shingles but there are treatments for managing the symptoms.
目前还没有治愈带状疱疹的方法，但有治疗方法来控制症状。
Antiviral medications 抗病毒药物
These drugs may ease the discomfort and make the symptoms stop sooner, particularly if you start them within 72 hours of the first sign of shingles. They may also help prevent the pain that can happen months and years later, called postherpetic neuralgia （带状疱疹后神经痛）. These medications include:
这些药物可以缓解不适，使症状更快停止，特别是如果你在出现带状疱疹的第一个迹象的72小时内开始服用。它们还可能有助于预防数月或数年后可能发生的疼痛，即带状疱疹后神经痛。
这些药物包括:
Acyclovir (Zovirax®). 无环鸟苷
Famciclovir (Famvir®). 泛昔洛韦
Valacyclovir (Valtrex®). 伐昔洛韦
Over-the-counter pain medications 非处方止痛药
These medications include the following and may be effective in relieving pain:
这些药物包括以下药物，可能对缓解疼痛有效:
Acetaminophen (Tylenol®). 对乙酰氨基酚(泰诺®)。
Ibuprofen (Motrin®, Advil®). 布洛芬(Motrin®，Advil®)。
Other medications 其他药物
Antibacterial drugs (抗菌药物) may be prescribed if you develop a bacterial infection due to the shingles rash. Anti-inflammatory drugs ( 抗炎药) like prednisone (强的松) may be prescribed if shingles affects your eyes or other parts of your face. ( FROM clevelandclinic.org)
如果你因带状疱疹皮疹引起细菌感染，医生可能会给你开抗菌药物。如果带状疱疹影响到你的眼睛或脸部其他部位，医生可能会开一些抗炎药，比如强的松。
