What is high blood pressure ? 什么是高血压?
High blood pressure ( 高血压also called hypertension) is a common condition that affects the body’s arteries （动脉）. I. If you have high blood pressure, the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls （动脉壁） is consistently too high. The heart has to work harder to pump blood.
高血压是一种影响身体动脉的常见疾病。它也被称为高血压。如果你有高血压，血液对动脉壁的压力一直过高。心脏必须更加努力地工作来输送血液。
Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury ( 毫米汞柱 mm Hg). In general, hypertension is a blood pressure reading of 130/80 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or higher.
血压的测量单位是毫米汞柱(mm Hg) 。一般来说，高血压是指血压读数为130/80毫米汞柱或更高。
The American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association divide blood pressure into four general categories. Ideal blood pressure is categorized as normal.)
美国心脏病学会和美国心脏协会将血压分为四大类。理想血压属于正常。
Normal blood pressure： Blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg or lower.
血压正常：血压120/80毫米汞柱或更低。
Elevated blood pressure. The top number ranges from 120 to 129 mm Hg and the bottom number is below, not above, 80 mm Hg.
血压升高：高压为120 ~ 129mmhg，低压为80mmhg以下，不高于80mmhg。
Stage 1 hypertension. The top number ranges from 130 to 139 mm Hg or the bottom number is between 80 and 89 mm Hg.
1期高血压：高压为130 ~ 139mmhg，低压为80 ~ 89mmhg。
Stage 2 hypertension. The top number is 140 mm Hg or higher or the bottom number is 90 mm Hg or higher.
ii期高血压。高压为140mmhg及以上，低压90mmhg及以上。
Blood pressure higher than 180/120 mm Hg is considered a hypertensive emergency or crisis. Seek emergency medical help for anyone with these blood pressure numbers. （from mayoclinic.org）
血压高于180/120毫米汞柱被认为是高血压急症或危象。如果有人有这些血压数字，请寻求紧急医疗帮助。
高血压对健康的威胁 Health Threats from High Blood Pressure：
Heart attack 心脏病发作 — High blood pressure damages arteries that can become blocked and prevent blood flow to the heart muscle. 心脏病发作——高血压会损害动脉，导致动脉阻塞，阻止血液流向心肌。
Stroke 中风 — High blood pressure can cause blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the brain to become blocked or burst. 中风——高血压会导致为大脑提供血液和氧气的血管堵塞或破裂。
Heart failure 心力衰竭 — The increased workload from high blood pressure can cause the heart to enlarge and fail to supply blood to the body. 心力衰竭——高血压增加的工作量会导致心脏扩大，无法向身体供血。
Kidney disease or failure 肾脏疾病或衰竭 — High blood pressure can damage the arteries around the kidneys and interfere with their ability to filter blood effectively. 肾脏疾病或衰竭——高血压会损害肾脏周围的动脉，干扰它们有效过滤血液的能力。
Vision loss 视力下降 — High blood pressure can strain or damage blood vessels in the eyes. 视力下降——高血压会使眼部血管紧张或受损。
Sexual dysfunction 性功能障碍 — High blood pressure can lead to erectile dysfunction in men and may contribute to lower libido in women. 性功能障碍——高血压会导致男性勃起功能障碍，并可能导致女性性欲低下。
Angina 心绞痛 [ænˈdʒaɪnə]— Over time, high blood pressure can lead to heart disease including microvascular disease (MVD). Angina, or chest pain, is a common symptom. 心绞痛——随着时间的推移，高血压会导致包括微血管疾病(MVD)在内的心脏病。心绞痛或胸痛是一种常见的症状。
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) 外周动脉疾病— Atherosclerosis caused by high blood pressure can lead to narrowed arteries in the legs, arms, stomach and head, causing pain or fatigue. 外周动脉疾病(PAD)——高血压引起的动脉粥样硬化会导致腿部、手臂、胃部和头部的动脉狭窄，引起疼痛或疲劳。（from heart.org）
The Symptoms of High Blood Pressure 高血压症状
Most people with hypertension (高血压） don’t feel any symptoms. Very high blood pressures can cause headaches, blurred vision （视力模糊）, chest pain and other symptoms.
大多数高血压患者没有任何症状。高血压会导致头痛、视力模糊、胸痛和其他症状。
Checking your blood pressure is the best way to know if you have high blood pressure. If hypertension isn’t treated, it can cause other health conditions like kidney disease, heart disease and stroke.
检查你的血压是知道你是否有高血压的最好方法。如果高血压得不到治疗，它会导致其他健康问题，如肾病、心脏病和中风。
People with very high blood pressure (usually 180/120 or higher) can experience symptoms including:
高血压患者(通常为180/120或更高)可能出现以下症状:
severe headaches 严重的头痛
chest pain 胸部疼痛
dizziness 头晕
difficulty breathing 呼吸困难
nausea 恶心
vomiting 呕吐
blurred vision or other vision changes 视力模糊或其他视力变化
anxiety 焦虑
confusion 混乱
buzzing in the ears 耳边嗡嗡作响
nosebleeds 流鼻血
abnormal heart rhythm 心律失常 （ from .who.int）
Treatment for high blood pressure 高血压的医治
Doctors can help you keep your blood pressure to a safe level using:
lifestyle changes
medicines
医生可以通过以下两个方法帮助你将血压保持在安全水平:
1）生活方式的改变
2）药物
1）Lifestyle changes to reduce blood pressure
These lifestyle changes can help prevent and lower high blood pressure:
改变生活方式以降低血压
以下这些生活方式的改变可以帮助预防和降低高血压:
reduce the amount of salt you eat and have a generally healthy diet
减少盐的摄入量，保持健康的饮食习惯
cut back on alcohol
少喝酒
lose weight if you’re overweight
如果你超重就减肥
exercise regularly
定期锻炼
cut down on caffeine
减少咖啡因的摄入
stop smoking
停止吸烟
2）Medicines for high blood pressure
If you’re diagnosed with high blood pressure, your doctor may recommend taking 1 or more medicines to keep it under control. These come as tablets and usually need to be taken once a day. Common blood pressure medicines include:
如果你被诊断患有高血压，你的医生可能会建议你服用一种或更多的药物来控制它。这些都是片剂，通常需要每天服用一次。常见的降压药包括:
ACE inhibitors – such as enalapril, lisinopril, perindopril and ramipril
ACE抑制剂，如依那普利，赖诺普利，培哚普利和雷米普利
angiotensin-2 receptor blockers (ARBs) – such as candesartan, irbesartan, losartan, valsartan and olmesartan
血管紧张素-2受体阻滞剂(arb) -如坎地沙坦、厄贝沙坦、氯沙坦、缬沙坦和奥美沙坦
calcium channel blockers – such as amlodipine, felodipine and nifedipine or diltiazem and verapamil
钙通道阻滞剂——如氨氯地平、非洛地平、硝苯地平或地尔硫卓和维拉帕米
diuretics – such as indapamide and bendroflumethiazide
利尿剂——如吲达帕胺和苯德鲁氟甲肼
beta blockers – such as atenolol and bisoprolol
阻滞剂，如阿替洛尔和比索洛尔
alpha blockers – such as doxazosin
受体阻滞剂，如多沙唑嗪
other diuretics – such as amiloride and spironolactone
其他利尿剂，如阿米洛利和螺内酯
The medicine recommended for you will depend on things like how high your blood pressure is, your age and your ethnicity.
推荐给你的药物将取决于你的血压有多高，你的年龄和种族。
