在人类遗传学中,Mitochondrial Eve 线粒体夏娃(也称mt-Eve, mt-MRCA)是所有现存人类的母系最近共同祖先(MRCA)。换句话说,她被定义为最近的一个女人,所有在世的人类都是通过他们的母亲,以及这些母亲的母亲,以不间断的血脉延续下来,直到所有的血脉汇聚到一个女人身上。这位母系祖先被称为“线粒体夏娃”, 而她大约活在20万年前的非洲 。
Mitochondrial (形容词),mitochondrion (名词),意为线粒体的,线粒体,是生物学术语。这个单词源于两个希腊单词“mitos” (线)和“chondros”(颗粒)——组成“mitochondrion”。线粒体(mitochondrion)是一种存在于大多数细胞中的由两层膜包被的细胞器,是细胞中制造能量的结构。
1898年,德国科学家卡尔·本达因这些结构时而呈线状时而呈颗粒状,所以用希腊语中“线”和“颗粒”对应的两个词——“mitos”和“chondros”——组成“mitochondrion”来为这种结构命名,这个名称被沿用至今。
Mitochondrial 发音: /ˌmaɪ.t̬əˈkɑːn.dri.əl/
Eve : 夏娃
Recent research into genetics has replaced pre-historical guesswork by respectable hypotheses. In the half century or so since Crick, Watson, Franklin and Gosling worked out the structure of DNA, the nucleic acid that serves as a genetic pattern of human evolution beyond reasonable doubt.
One of their most astonishing conclusion is that every living person is descended from a female, “Mitochondrial Eve” – so called since mitochondrial DNA is passed only matrilineally from mother to child – who lived in Africa perhaps about 200,000 years ago. ( The History of the World – Frank Welsh)