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英语杂谈:Redundancies in English Usage 词汇冗余现象

在英语用法中, 词汇重复所造成的冗余现象 (redundancy)颇为常见。英语词汇赘余重复通常定义为使用两个或两个以上的词来说同样的事情,。冗余现象同时也指被修饰的词已经包含了修饰词的意思 (例如:early beginnings, merge together)。

减少我们写作中混乱的一种方法是消除重复用词的表达。因为我们经常看到或听到冗余词汇 (如:”free gifts” and “foreign imports”)。因此,在编写作品时,我们应该注意不必要的重复,并准备好消除那些对已经说过的话没有任何补充的表达。

当然,这并不否意味着必须不惜一切代价避免用词重复。在有效的重复修辞策略中,我们有时考虑如何依赖重复来强调或阐明中心思想。

我们在这里关心的是消除不必要的重复——多余的表达使写作更长,而不是更好。以下是英语中一些常见的冗余用法。在特定的语境中,这些短语可能有一定的用途。然而,更常见的情况是,这些短语用不必要的单词拖累了我们的写作。下面括弧内的单词可以省略,消除每一种情况下不必要的重复。

A

  • (absolutely) essential
  • (absolutely) necessary
  • (actual) facts
  • advance (forward)
  • (advance) planning
  • (advance) preview
  • (advance) reservations
  • (advance) warning

B

  • (basic) fundamentals
  • (basic) necessities
  • blend (together)
  • (brief) moment
  • (brief) summary
  • (burning) embers

C

  • cash (money)
  • circle (around)
  • circulate (around)
  • classify (into groups)
  • (close) proximity
  • (closed) fist
  • collaborate (together)
  • combine (together)

D

  • descend (down)
  • (different) kinds
  • drop (down)
  • during (the course of)

E

Early beginnings
End result
Enter into: Try go into, or just enter.
Equally as: Try one or the other.
Excess(ive) verbiage: Verbiage is an excess of words.

F

Final outcome
Final result
First and foremost
Follow after
Free gift
Future plans

G

General consensus
General vicinity
Generally always
gather (together)
(general) public

R

Return back
Revert back
refer (back)
reflect (back)
(regular) routine
repeat (again)
reply (back)
retreat (back)
revert (back)

S

  • (safe) haven
  • (safe) sanctuary
  • same (exact)
  • (sand) dune

T

(total) destruction
(true) facts
(truly) sincere

U

  • (ultimate) goal
  • undergraduate (student)
  • (underground) subway
  • (unexpected) emergency
  • (unexpected) surprise

W

  • (wall) mural
  • warn (in advance)
  • weather (conditions)
  • weather (situation)
  • whether (or not)
  • (white) snow
  • Well respected

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